Asci 1-spored

2

Asci 2-spored

5

Spores 20–37 µm wide

3

Spores 40–69 µm wide

4

Squamae 1–6 (–8) mm wide; margins brown-black to black, plane to revolute; rhizines 0.1–0.2 (–0.3) mm thick

E. simplicatum var. simplicatum

Squamae 3–12 (–15) mm wide; margins concolorous, deflexed; rhizines 0.03–0.1 mm thick

E. aridum

Spores 82–129 µm long; squamae 2–10 mm wide

E. crassisporum

Spores 106–171 µm long; squamae 1–5 mm wide

E. macrosporum

Mature squamae 5–20 (–25) mm wide

E. helmsianum

Mature squamae 0.5–5 (–8) mm wide

6

Squamae anchored by blackish (0.05–) 0.1–0.2 (–0.3) mm thick rhizines

7

Squamae anchored by off-white to brownish black 2.5–7 µm thick rhizohyphae; rudimentary rhizines, if present, 30–80 µm thick

9

Mature squamae 0.5–3 (–4) mm wide

E. pusillum

Mature squamae (1–) 2–7 (–8) mm wide

8

Squamae plane to concave; margins black, plane to revolute; lower cortex 20–30 (–50) µm thick

E. simplicatum var. bisporum

Squamae becoming convex; margins concolorous with the thallus, deflexed; lower cortex (30–) 60–100 (–150) µm thick

E. robustum

Squamae 1–4 mm wide; immature squamae frequently pruinose

E. rogersii

Squamae 0.5–1.5 (–2.5) mm wide, epruinose

10

Asci 60–74 × 14–18 µm; spores 22–36 × 9–16 µm

E. pallidulum

Asci 74–120 × 19–27 µm; spores 25–51 × 14–27 µm

11

Lower surface and rhizohyphae off-white to pale brown; squamae appressed; lobes plane to convex

E. pallidum

E. adscendens

Modified from McCarthy (2001d)